Ceratogyrus brachycephalus

The colouring is subdued: grey-brown to olive body with a darker radiating pattern on the carapace and dark marks on the abdomen. The most distinctive feature is the protuberance in the middle of the carapace. In C. brachycephalus it is short, low and rounded, unlike the long, backward-pointing horn of C. darlingi or the tall horn of C. marshalli.

The function of the horn is not fully understood; it is linked to muscle attachment. Adult females measure about 5–6 cm in body length; males are slimmer and longer-legged.

The species lives in the dry savannas and scrub of southern Africa: Botswana, Zimbabwe and northern South Africa. It digs deep burrows in hard soil, often by stones or roots, and lines them with silk.

The genus Ceratogyrus includes several similar species. When buying, know the origin of the line, because juveniles of different species look alike and the horn develops with age.

The key is a deep layer of substrate: 15–20 cm for an adult female, on a floor of about 25 × 25 cm. A lightly packed mix of soil and coco fibre holds tunnel shape well. Cork or a half-tube pressed into the substrate helps the spider start digging.

The spider often runs its tunnel along the glass, which allows observation. On the surface a few items and a water dish are enough; the spider will arrange the rest.

The species comes from dry country and handles 24–28°C and a dry substrate surface well. Lower layers can be slightly moist; occasionally pour a little water along the edge so it soaks down.

A permanent water dish is important, especially with dry substrate. Avoid a steamy, wet enclosure.

The spider usually hunts from its burrow entrance. Juveniles eat small crickets or roaches every 4–6 days, adults every 7–14 days. Offer prey near the entrance and remove uneaten insects.

Growth is moderately fast. Males usually mature after about 1.5–2 years, females later. Before a moult the spider seals its burrow and may stay out of sight for weeks.

Ceratogyrus brachycephalus is fast and defensive. It usually hides in its burrow, but when surprised it rears up and may bite. Like other African tarantulas it has no urticating hairs, and a bite can cause strong pain and systemic symptoms.

Do not dig the spider out without need. Use long tongs for maintenance, and when rehousing lift it out carefully together with substrate into a container.